Using Handheld GPS Receivers for Precise Positioning

In general handheld GPS receivers are used for absolute positioning or for relative positioning using DGPS-services or WAAS/EGNOS signals. The positioning is realized using code pseudo-ranges. Moreover it is well known that some of the handheld receivers use phase-smoothed code for positioning. This means that the phase signal is available and may be used for Precise Differential GPS (PDGPS) positioning. Using GARMIN handheld receivers the phase and the code information may be transferred in realtime on a computer and stored in a RINEX file. Combining the RINEX file created by a handheld receiver with a RINEX file of another GPS site, the baseline could be solved in post-processing mode using phase pseudo-ranges.